For over 20 years, mRNA technology has been researched, developed, and tested for use in vaccines against infectious diseases as well as for cancer immunotherapy. While the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were the first approved for widespread use, they build on decades of research and are now among the most extensively studied medicines in history.

Flu, COVID-19, RSV and other respiratory illnesses often begin with similar symptoms. Knowing the differences, getting tested, and starting treatment early can help prevent what may seem like a mild illness from becoming more serious.

This fact sheet explains why people living with chronic kidney disease face increased risks from respiratory infections such as RSV, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, and influenza, and outlines which vaccines are recommended based on age and risk factors.

This fact sheet explains why people living with asthma face increased risks from respiratory infections such as RSV, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, and influenza, and outlines which vaccines are recommended based on age and risk factors.

This fact sheet explains why people living with heart disease face increased risks from respiratory infections such as RSV, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, and influenza, and outlines which vaccines are recommended based on age and risk factors.

This fact sheet explains why people living with diabetes face increased risks from respiratory infections such as RSV, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, and influenza, and outlines which vaccines are recommended based on age and risk factors.

Pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for all adults 50 years of age and older, and they are covered by both public and private insurance.

Learn more about the burden and risks of pneumococcal disease among adults 50+.

Learn more about pneumococcal disease and how adults 50+ can stay protected through vaccination.

Immunization is the best protection against many infectious respiratory illnesses. Vaccines strengthen our immune defenses and reduce the severity and spread of disease.